{"id":1697,"date":"2011-12-27T00:59:32","date_gmt":"2011-12-27T00:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/?p=1697"},"modified":"2012-01-14T16:25:15","modified_gmt":"2012-01-14T16:25:15","slug":"femmes-africaines-et-representation-politique-exclusion-et-injustice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/?p=1697","title":{"rendered":"Femmes africaines et repr\u00e9sentation politique: Exclusion et Injustice"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"EllenLa population africaine est en majorit\u00e9 constitu\u00e9e de femmes. Celles-ci repr\u00e9sentaient 51,0 % de la population active en 2010, selon l\u2019Annuaire Statistique pour l\u2019Afrique 2011. Consid\u00e9rant l\u2019importance de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre f\u00e9minine, l\u2019Annuaire \u00e9met des doutes sur la r\u00e9alisation en Afrique des objectifs du Mill\u00e9naire pour le D\u00e9veloppement en ce qui concerne l\u00b4int\u00e9gration des femmes dans tous les secteurs de l\u00b4\u00e9conomie. Il faut noter que la statistique sur les personnes \u00e9conomiquement actives ne prend pas en consid\u00e9ration le secteur informel dans lequel une partie importante de femmes travaille. Partant sur cette base, la contribution des femmes pour le bien \u00eatre du continent africain serait plus importance que ce que les chiffrent officiels affichent. Et Pourtant, leur repr\u00e9sentation dans les sph\u00e8res du pouvoir politique est loin de refl\u00e9ter cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Comment comprendre que celles qui constituent un pourcentage assez important de notre population n\u00b4occupent qu\u00b4un nombre minime de postes politiques? Comment expliquer qu\u2019elles soient aussi sous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans les sph\u00e8res du pouvoir \u00e9conomique? M\u00eame si le Rwanda reste un pays reconnu mondialement pour ses efforts dans la promotion de la femme en politique avec un taux de 56 % de femmes au parlement (cf. www.ipsinternational.org) et 52,9 % de femmes dans la population active en 2010 (Annuaire Statistique pour l\u00b4Afrique 2011, p. 270), les mentalit\u00e9s dans bon nombre de pays africains s\u00b4obstinent encore \u00e0 croire qu\u00b4une femme ne serait point \u00e0 la hauteur de la gestion des affaires de la cit\u00e9. La r\u00e9cente \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle au Cameroun (9 Octobre 2011) par exemple a \u00e9t\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois marqu\u00e9e par quelques candidatures de femmes. Toutefois, l\u2019effectif des femmes dans le gouvernement form\u00e9 au lendemain desdites \u00e9lections est d\u00e9cevant en ce sens qu\u2019il ne refl\u00e8te ni la proportion des femmes dans le corps social camerounais, encore moins leurs contributions \u00e0 la bonne marche de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. En effet, en Afrique, les femmes se distinguent par leur dynamisme notoire. Ce sont des infatigables travailleuses qui m\u00eame du fond du gouffre, \u0153uvrent durement pour le maintien de la stabilit\u00e9 des familles. Cependant, en terme de r\u00e9compense, de reconnaissance\u00a0 ou de justice sociale, elles ne re\u00e7oivent que si peu, \u00e0 cause de la corruption de nos syst\u00e8mes politiques (entre autres raisons). Qu\u2019auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines, si dans le partage du pouvoir politique l\u2019on reconnaissait \u00e0 ces infatigables travailleuses le juste m\u00e9rite qui leur revient?<\/p>\n

Des Nobels pour l’Afrique<\/span><\/p>\n

\"LeymahSi l\u00b4ann\u00e9e 2011 est celle du Prix Nobel de la Paix d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 deux Africaines* Mesdames Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (ci-dessus) et Leymah Roberta Gbowee du Lib\u00e9ria (ci-contre), elle reste aussi sans doute une ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 de nombreuses questions sur la bonne gouvernance, l\u00b4ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re et le r\u00f4le de la femme dans les instances d\u00e9cisionnelles se posent plus que jamais. De tous les pays africains, un seul a \u00e0 sa t\u00eate une femme, \u00e0 savoir le Lib\u00e9ria pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e depuis 2006 par Madame Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Reste \u00e0 esp\u00e9rer que les deux laur\u00e9ates du Prix Nobel de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2011 galvanisent les femmes d\u2019Afrique, les emm\u00e8nent \u00e0 s\u00b4impliquer davantage dans les affaires publiques. Ces laur\u00e9ates du Prix Nobel constituent sans doute aussi un signal aux pays qui tardent encore \u00e0 donner la voix aux femmes. Car, permettre une plus grande participation (active et effective) aux d\u00e9cisions importantes de l\u2019Etat est la seule option qui soit viable pour nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en d\u00e9veloppement.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

* Le Prix Nobel de la Paix 2011 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 trois femmes dont deux Africaines\u00a0: La journaliste Yemenite Tawakkul Karman \u00a0et les\u00a0Lib\u00e9riennes Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat) et Leymah Roberta Gbowee.<\/p>\n

Le tableau ci-dessous renseigne sur la repr\u00e9sentation politique des femmes au niveau parlementaire dans certains \u00c9tat africains. Il s’agit d’un classement mondial. Le Rwanda occupe la premi\u00e8re place. Il est en effet le premier \u00c9tat de notre plan\u00e8te \u00e0 accorder un place pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante aux femmes au niveau parlementaire. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
WORLD CLASSIFICATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rank<\/strong><\/td>\nCountry<\/strong><\/td>\nLower or single House<\/strong><\/td>\nUpper House or Senate<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elections<\/strong><\/td>\nSeats*<\/strong><\/td>\nWomen<\/strong><\/td>\n% W<\/strong><\/td>\nElections<\/strong><\/td>\nSeats*<\/strong><\/td>\nWomen<\/strong><\/td>\n% W<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nRwanda<\/strong><\/td>\n9 2008<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n56.3%<\/td>\n9 2011<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n38.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nSouth Africa<\/strong> <\/strong>1<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n4 2009<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n44.5%<\/td>\n4 2009<\/td>\n54<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n29.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nMozambique<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2009<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n39.2%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nAngola<\/strong><\/td>\n9 2008<\/td>\n220<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n38.6%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nUnited Republic of Tanzania<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2010<\/td>\n350<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n36.0%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nUganda<\/strong><\/td>\n2 2011<\/td>\n375<\/td>\n131<\/td>\n34.9%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nBurundi<\/strong><\/td>\n7 2010<\/td>\n106<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n32.1%<\/td>\n7 2010<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n46.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nEthiopia<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2010<\/td>\n547<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n27.8%<\/td>\n5 2010<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n16.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nSouth Soudan<\/strong><\/td>\n8 2011<\/td>\n332<\/td>\n88<\/td>\n26.5%<\/td>\n8 2011<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n10.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nTunisia<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2011<\/td>\n217<\/td>\n57<\/td>\n26.3%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nSudan<\/strong><\/td>\n4 2010<\/td>\n346<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n25.1%<\/td>\n5 2010<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n17.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nNamibia<\/strong><\/td>\n11 2009<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n24.4%<\/td>\n11 2010<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n26.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nLesotho<\/strong><\/td>\n2 2007<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n24.2%<\/td>\n3 2007<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n18.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nSenegal<\/strong><\/td>\n6 2007<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n22.7%<\/td>\n8 2007<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n40.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nMauritania<\/strong><\/td>\n11 2006<\/td>\n95<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n22.1%<\/td>\n11 2009<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n14.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nEritrea<\/strong><\/td>\n2 1994<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n22.0%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nMalawi<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2009<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n20.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nMauritius<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2010<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n18.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nMorocco<\/strong><\/td>\n11 2011<\/td>\n395<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n16.7%<\/td>\n10.2009<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n2.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nBurkina Faso<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2007<\/td>\n111<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n15.3%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nZimbabwe<\/strong><\/td>\n3 2008<\/td>\n214<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n15.0%<\/td>\n3 2008<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n24.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nGabon<\/strong><\/td>\n1 2009<\/td>\n116<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n14.7%<\/td>\n1 2009<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n17.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nCameroon<\/strong><\/td>\n7 2007<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n13.9%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nDjibouti<\/strong><\/td>\n2 2008<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n13.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nSwaziland<\/strong><\/td>\n9 2008<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n13.6%<\/td>\n10 2008<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n40.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nNiger<\/strong><\/td>\n1 2011<\/td>\n113<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n13.3%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nSierra Leone<\/strong><\/td>\n8 2007<\/td>\n121<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n13.2%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nChad<\/strong><\/td>\n2 2011<\/td>\n188<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n12.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nCentral African Republic<\/strong><\/td>\n1 2011<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12.5%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nMadagascar<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2010<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n12.5%<\/td>\n10 2010<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n11.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nTogo<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2007<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n11.1%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nZambia<\/strong><\/td>\n9 2011<\/td>\n155<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n11.0%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nMali<\/strong><\/td>\n7 2007<\/td>\n147<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n10.2%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nEquatorial Guinea<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2008<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10.0%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00ab\u00a0<\/td>\nGuinea-Bissau<\/strong><\/td>\n11 2008<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10.0%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nKenya<\/strong><\/td>\n12 2007<\/td>\n224<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n9.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nBenin<\/strong><\/td>\n4 2011<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n8.4%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nGhana<\/strong><\/td>\n12 2008<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n8.3%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nBotswana<\/strong><\/td>\n10 2009<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n7.9%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nAlgeria<\/strong><\/td>\n5 2007<\/td>\n389<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n7.7%<\/td>\n12 2009<\/td>\n136<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n5.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nGambia<\/strong><\/td>\n1 2002<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nCongo<\/strong><\/td>\n6 2007<\/td>\n137<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n7.3%<\/td>\n10 2011<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n13.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nSomalia<\/strong><\/td>\n8 2004<\/td>\n546<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n6.8%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nNigeria<\/strong><\/td>\n4 2011<\/td>\n352<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n4 2011<\/td>\n109<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tableau:\u00a0Women in national parliaments,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ipu.org\/wmn-e\/classif.htm<\/a>, 23.12.2011<\/p>\n

African Statistical Yearbook 2011\/Annuaire Statistique pour l\u00b4Afrique 2011, African Development Bank Group\/African Union\/Economic Commission for Africa, 2011, http:\/\/www.uneca.org\/eca_resources\/Publications\/books\/AfricanSatatisticalYearbook2011.pdf<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Transparency International (2010): La corruption et le genre dans la prestation de services: l\u00b4in\u00e9galit\u00e9 d\u00b4impact, document de travail No 02\/2010, Berlin, http:\/\/www.transparency.org\/publications\/publications\/working_papers\/wp_02_2010_corruption_and_gender.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Transparency International Annual Report 2010 (2011): Annual Report 2010, Harrison, Alice\/Sidwell, Michael (eds.), Berlin, http:\/\/transparency.org\/publications\/publications\/annual_reports\/annual_report_2010.<\/p>\n

Pictures:\u00a0http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org<\/a>, 23.12.2011<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Author: <\/span><\/strong><\/address>\n
Florence TSAGUE A.<\/span><\/address>\n
Africa & Science<\/span><\/address>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La population africaine est en majorit\u00e9 constitu\u00e9e de femmes. Celles-ci repr\u00e9sentaient 51,0 % de la population active en 2010, selon l\u2019Annuaire Statistique pour l\u2019Afrique 2011. Consid\u00e9rant l\u2019importance de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre f\u00e9minine, l\u2019Annuaire \u00e9met des doutes sur la r\u00e9alisation en Afrique des objectifs du Mill\u00e9naire pour le D\u00e9veloppement en ce qui concerne l\u00b4int\u00e9gration des femmes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-regional-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1697"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1914,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697\/revisions\/1914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africa-and-science.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}